Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Primer

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a condition which typically begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. ADHD is usually diagnosed in childhood and affects 7-8% of children in the United States. However, it can also be diagnosed in adulthood and affects 4-5% of adults in the US. It is interesting to note that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females.

There are three broad sets of symptoms associated with ADHD.

It is not necessary to have symptoms from all three types to meet diagnosis criteria.

Predominately Inattentive ADHD is characterized by problems with concentration and attention-span, time management and procrastination. The symptoms include the following:

  • Fails to give close attention to details and/or makes careless mistakes
  • Difficulty in sustaining attention (daydreaming)
  • Does not listen when directly spoken to
  • Does not follow instructions and fails to complete activities (not due to lack of understanding)
  • Difficulty with organization
  • Avoids tasks that require prolonged mental effort (doing homework)
  • Loses things required for tasks (notebook for class, work uniform)
  • Easily distracted
  • Forgetful in everyday activities

Predominately Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD is characterized by excessive motor movements as well as impulsive decision-making and behavior. Hyperactive symptoms may not be present in adults even if they were present in childhood. Some adults describe a subjective feeling of restlessness rather than hyperactivity per se. The symptoms include the following:

  • Fidgety or restless while sitting
  • Leaves seat in class when inappropriate
  • In children, runs or climbs excessively. In adults, excessive feelings of restlessness.
  • Difficulty engaging in leisure activities quietly
  • Appears “on the go” or as if “driven by a motor”
  • Excessive talking
  • Blurts out answers, or difficulty thinking before speaking
  • Difficulty awaiting a turn
  • Interrupts others


If symptoms of both the Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive subtypes are present, then a diagnosis of “Combined Subtype” is made.

 

If you suspect you or your child might have ADHD, it is important to get a thorough evaluation by a qualified mental health professional.

 

Stacey Wald, LAPC, RD

Swald @ growcounseling.com